The NISPAcee research group of scholars from both East and West focused on promoting research and best practices in public sector finance and accounting in CEE and created the research protocol, presented in this book. There are over ten papers in this volume, exploring various issues of local government financial transition, but at the same time, trying to provide a true picture of sub-national finance in various countries. The authors attempted to provide their own insights into the problem and in so doing, exhibited a pretty high degree of diversity, demonstrating indirectly the capacity for carrying out academic research in the targeted countries. Some papers are fairly descriptive, especially those from the outside ‘advanced transitional countries’ and those written by Western scholars members of the group, whilst others are more policy relevant and written in a more analytical manner.